PP

Polypropylene (PP), kuj paub li polypropene, yog ib tug thermoplastic polymer siv nyob rau hauv ntau cov kev siv suav nrog ntim thiab sau npe, cov ntaub qhwv ntaub (xws li hlua, thermal ris tsho hauv qab thiab ntaub pua plag), ntawv sau, cov khoom siv yas thiab rov ntim khoom ntawm ntau hom, khoom siv hauv chaw kuaj ntshav, lub suab nrov, cov khoom siv hauv lub tsheb, thiab polymer banknotes. Ib qho ntxiv polymer ua los ntawm cov monomer propylene, nws muaj xeb thiab tsis zoo rau ntau cov kuab tshuaj, cov hauv paus thiab cov kua qaub.

Hauv xyoo 2013, lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam rau polypropylene tau li 55 lab mentsis tons.

npe
IUPAC npe: poly (propene)
Lwm lub npe: Polypropylene; Polypropene; Polipropene 25 [USAN]; Propene polymers; Propylene polymers; 1-Qhia Tawm Los
Cov ntsiab lus
CAS Number	9003-07-0
Properties
Tshuaj mis	(C3H6)n
ceev	0.855 g / cm3, amorphous 0.946 g / cm3, dej hiav txwv
melting point	130 txog 171 ° C (266 txog 340 ° F; 403 txog 444 K)
Dhau ntawm qhov tsis muaj sau tseg, cov ntaub ntawv tau muab rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv lawv txheem xeev (ntawm 25 ° C [77 ° F], 100 kPa).

Tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev

Polypropylene muaj nyob rau ntau yam zoo ib yam li polyethylene, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev daws teeb meem cwj pwm thiab cov khoom hluav taws xob. Cov pab pawg ntxiv methyl txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov thermal tsis kam, thaum tshuaj kuj txo. Cov khoom ntawm polypropylene yog nyob ntawm cov molecular phaus thiab molecular phaus faib, crystallinity, hom thiab kev faib ua feem ntawm comonomer (yog tias siv) thiab iso tacticity.

txhua yam khoom

Qhov ntom ntawm PP yog nruab nrab ntawm 0.895 thiab 0.92 g / cm³. Yog li ntawd, PP yog tus khoom lag luam yas nrog qhov ntom ntom ntom. Nrog qis ntom ntom, txhaj tshuaj mouldings nrog rau qhov hnyav qis dua thiab ntau qhov chaw ntawm qee qhov hnyav ntawm cov yas tuaj yeem tsim tawm. Tsis zoo li polyethylene, crystalline thiab amorphous thaj chaw sib txawv tsuas yog me ntsis ntawm lawv qhov ceev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntom ntawm polyethylene tuaj yeem hloov pauv nrog sau.

Tus Hluas Cov qauv ntawm PP yog nruab nrab ntawm 1300 thiab 1800 N / mm².

Polypropylene yog ib txwm tawv thiab yoog raws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum copolymerized nrog ethylene. Qhov no tso cai rau polypropylene los siv ua ib yam xws li tshuab yas, sib tw nrog cov ntaub ntawv xws li acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Polypropylene muaj txiaj ntsig yig.

Polypropylene muaj qhov zoo tiv thaiv kev qaug zog.

Khoom muaj cua sov

Melting kis ntawm polypropylene tshwm sim ntawm ntau, yog li lub ntsiab lus melting yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev nrhiav qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm daim phiaj ntsuas cov roj calorimetry txawv. Zoo kawg nkaus isotactic PP muaj qhov chaw npau ntawm 171 ° C (340 ° F). Kev ua lag luam isotactic PP muaj qhov chaw npau taws uas nyob ntawm 160 txog 166 ° C (320 txog 331 ° F), nyob ntawm cov khoom siv atactic thiab crystallinity. Syndiotactic PP nrog cov hnub ci ntawm 30% muaj qhov chaw khoob ntawm 130 ° C (266 ° F). Hauv qab no 0 ° C, PP ua nkig.

Lub tshav kub nthuav ntawm polypropylene yog qhov loj heev, tab sis qee qhov tsawg dua li ntawm polyethylene.

Tshuaj lom neeg

Polypropylene yog nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub tsis kam rau cov rog thiab yuav luag txhua cov organic solvents, sib nrug los ntawm cov muaj zog oxidants. Non-oxidizing kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus tuaj yeem muab khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv ntim ua los ntawm PP. Thaum txhawb kub, PP tuaj yeem daws teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj polarity solvents (xws li xylene, tetralin thiab decalin). Vim yog cov pa roj carbon tertiary atom PP yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg dua PE (saib Markovnikov txoj cai).

Feem ntau ua lag luam polypropylene yog isotactic thiab muaj theem nrab ntawm crystallinity nruab nrab ntawm cov ntawm tsawg-ntom polyethylene (LDPE) thiab high-ntom polyethylene (HDPE). Isotactic & Atactic polypropylene yog soluble hauv P-xylene ntawm 140 degree centigrade. Isotactic precipitates thaum kev daws yog txias rau 25 degree centigrade & atactic feem tseem soluble hauv P-xylene.

Cov melt ntws tus nqi (MFR) lossis yaj ntws Performance index (MFI) yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm molecular phaus ntawm polypropylene. Qhov kev ntsuas pab txhawm rau txiav txim siab yooj yim molten raw khoom yuav ntws thaum ua. Polypropylene nrog ntau dua MFR yuav sau cov yas pwm yooj yim dua thaum kev txhaj tshuaj lossis tshuab-pwm kev ua cov txheej txheem. Raws li cov melt ntws nce, txawm li cas los xij, qee cov khoom siv lub cev, xws li kev cuam tshuam lub zog, yuav poob qis. Muaj peb hom kev ua ntawm polypropylene: homopolymer, random copolymer, thiab block copmermer. Lub comonomer feem ntau yog siv nrog ethylene. Ethylene-propylene roj hmab lossis EPDM ntxiv rau polypropylene homopolymer tsub kom nws qhov kub tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam lub zog. Randomly polymerized ethylene monomer ntxiv rau polypropylene homopolymer txo cov nplai hluav taws xob polymer, muaj qhov chaw npliag thiab ua rau lub pob tshab dua.

degradation

Polypropylene tsim nyog rau cov hlua ua kom tsis txhob los ntawm kev raug rau cov cua kub thiab UV hluav taws xob xws li muaj nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj. Oxidation feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm tertiary carbon atom tam sim no hauv txhua chav ntsuas rov ua haujlwm. Ib qho kev tshaj dhau dawb yog tsim nyob ntawm no, thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam ntxiv nrog cov pa oxygen, tom qab ntawd los ntawm cov saw hlau ua kom cov paib aldehydes thiab carboxylic acids. Hauv cov ntawv thov sab nraud, nws qhia ua lub network zoo ntawm cov kab nrib pleb thiab cov nyom zoo uas dhau los ua tob thiab hnyav dua nrog lub sijhawm raug. Rau cov ntawv thov sab nraud, UV-absorbing additives yuav tsum siv. Cov pa roj carbon dub tseem muab qee qhov kev tiv thaiv los ntawm UV nres. Lub polymer tseem tuaj yeem oxidized rau qhov kub thiab txias, ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim thaum ua haujlwm pwm. Los tiv thaiv oxidants yog ib txwm ntxiv los tiv thaiv polymer degradation. Cov zej zog microbial sib cais los ntawm cov av av sib xyaw nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau pom tias muaj peev xwm ua kom tsis muaj teeb meem polypropylene. Polypropylene tau tshaj tawm tias yuav thuam thaum nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev ua cov khoom siv ntxaij ua kom tsis haum. Cov khoom siv tsis zoo ua cov txheej ntoo ua tsob ntoo zoo li txheej ntawm lub ntsej muag.

kho qhov muag zog

PP tuaj yeem ua rau translucent thaum tsis pom tab sis tsis yooj yim ua pob tshab li polystyrene, acrylic, lossis qee yam plastics. Nws yog feem ntau opaque lossis xim siv cov xim muaj hlau.

Keeb kwm

Phillips Petroleum chemists J. Paul Hogan thiab Robert L. Banks tau xub thawj polymerized propylene rau xyoo 1951. Propylene tau ua ntej polymerized mus ua ib qho polymer isotactic polymer los ntawm Giulio Natta zoo li los ntawm German chemist Karl Rehn hauv lub Peb Hlis 1954. Qhov kev tshawb pom cov neeg sab nrauv ua rau loj- nplai lag luam tawm ntawm isotactic polypropylene los ntawm lub tuam txhab Italian Montecatini los ntawm 1957 onwards. Syndiotactic polypropylene kuj tau xub tsim los ntawm Natta thiab nws tus kws ua haujlwm.

Polypropylene yog yas tseem ceeb thib ob nrog cov nyiaj tau los xav txog ntau tshaj $ 145 billion los ntawm 2019. Cov kev muag khoom ntawm cov khoom siv no tau raug kwv yees loj siab ntawm 5.8% ib xyoos txog 2021.

synthesis

Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv kev nkag siab qhov sib txuas ntawm cov qauv ntawm polypropylene thiab nws cov khoom yog tacticity. Kev txheeb ze ntawm txhua pab pawg methyl (CH
3 hauv daim duab) txheeb ze rau cov pab pawg methyl hauv cov sib ze monomer units muaj lub zog zoo nyob rau ntawm lub peev xwm polymer ua cov khoom muaju.

Ib Ziegler-Natta catalyst muaj peev xwm txwv kev sib txuas ntawm monomer lwg me me mus rau ib qho kev qhia ua ntu zus, yog isotactic, thaum txhua pawg methyl tau muab tso rau tib qho chaw uas hwm tus txha caj qaum ntawm polymer saw, lossis syndiotactic, thaum txoj haujlwm ntawm methyl pawg rau lwm. Kev ua lag luam muaj isotactic polypropylene yog tsim nrog ob hom Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Thawj pab pawg ntawm cov catalysts encompasses khoom (feem ntau txhawb nqa) catalysts thiab qee hom hom soluble metallocene catalysts. Xws li isotactic macromolecules kauj rau hauv cov duab helical; cov kev pab no tawm mus nyob ib sab kom tsim tau cov kua muaju uas muab coj mus muag isotactic polypropylene ntau ntawm nws cov khoom xav tau.

Lwm hom ntawm metallocene catalysts tsim syndiotactic polypropylene. Cov macromolecules kuj coil rau hauv cov kaus mom hlau (ntawm ntau hom) thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv crystalline.

Thaum cov methyl pawg nyob rau hauv polypropylene saw nthuav qhia tsis muaj kev ua kom pom zoo, cov polymers yog hu ua atactic. Atactic polypropylene yog cov khoom siv amorphous rubbery. Nws tuaj yeem tsim kev lag luam tawm nrog ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa Ziegler-Natta catalyst lossis nrog qee qhov kev txig hlau tsis zoo.

Niaj hnub txhawb Ziegler-Natta catalysts tsim rau lub polymerization ntawm propylene thiab lwm yam 1-alkenes rau isotactic polymers feem ntau siv TiCl
4 raws li cov khoom xyaw dhia thiab MgCl
2 raws li ib qho kev txhawb nqa. Tus catalysts kuj muaj cov hloov pauv organic, ob qho ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab acid esters thiab cov tuag los yog ethers. Cov catalysts tau ua kom tiav nrog tshwj xeeb cocatalysts uas muaj cov khoom lag luam organoaluminium xws li Al (C₂H₅)₃ thiab hom ob ntawm hloov kho. Lub catalysts tau sib txawv raws li tus txheej txheem siv rau kev ua zam catalyst hais los ntawm MgCl₂ thiab nyob ntawm hom organic hloov pauv ua haujlwm thaum lub caij npaj catalyst thiab siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization. Ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis txhua qhov txhawb nqa cov catalysts yog cov khoom tsim tau zoo thiab qhov siab ntawm cov crystalline isotactic polymer lawv ua tau ntawm 70-80 ° C raws li cov qauv polymerization. Kev lag luam kev sib txuas ntawm isotactic polypropylene feem ntau nqa tawm hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov kua roj propylene lossis hauv cov roj-theem reactors.

Kev lag luam kev sib txuas ntawm syndiotactic polypropylene yog nqa tawm nrog kev siv chav kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm metallocene catalysts. Lawv ntiav bridged bis-metallocene complexes ntawm hom choj- (Cp₁) (Cp₂) ZrCl₂ qhov twg thawj Cp ligand yog pawg cyclopentadienyl, qhov thib ob Cp ligand yog fluorenyl pawg, thiab tus choj ntawm ob Cp ligands yog -CH₂-CH₂-,> SiMe₂, lossis> SiPh₂Cov. Cov txheej txheem no tau hloov pauv rau polymerization catalysts los ntawm kev ua kom muaj lawv nrog tshwj xeeb organoaluminium cocatalyst, methylaluminoxane (MAO).

Muaj cov txheej txheem muaj

Kev coj ua, peb txoj kev tsim khoom yog cov qauv sawv cev tshaj plaws los tsim polypropylene.

Hydrocarbon slurry lossis kev ncua: Siv lub kua inert hydrocarbon diluent nyob rau hauv reactor los pab txhawb kev hloov ntawm propylene rau cov catalyst, tshem tawm cov cua sov los ntawm lub kaw lus, deactivation / tshem tawm cov catalyst ntxiv rau dissolving atactic polymer. Cov chav kawm ntawm qib uas tuaj yeem tsim tau yog qhov txwv tsawg heev. (Lub thev naus laus zis tau poob rau hauv kev tsis pom zoo).

Bulk (lossis bulk slurry): Siv cov kua dej ua kua (propylene kua) ua rau tsis muaj kua inert hydrocarbon sib tov. Lub polymer tsis yaj mus ua lub cev tsis sib haum, tab sis thiav kev caij tsheb ntawm cov kua roj. Tus ua cov polymer yog qhov ua kom thim thiab txhua qhov tsis muaj teeb meem monomer yog flashed tawm.

Roj theem: Siv cov nplaim hluav taws xob propylene hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov nplaim hluav taws xob, uas ua rau lub qhov dej nruab nrab-txaj nruab nrab.

Manufacturing

Cov txheej txheem melting ntawm polypropylene tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm extrusion thiab mouldingCov. Cov txheej txheem extrusion muaj xws li kev tsim cov yaj thiab tshuab raj ua lub ntsej muag los tsim cov ntawv ntev rau yav tom ntej hloov mus rau ntau hom khoom siv muaj txiaj ntsig, xws li lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, lim dej, cov pawm thiab ntaub so.

Feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem shaping yog txhaj tshuaj molding, uas yog siv rau qhov chaw xws li khob, cutlery, vials, lub kaus mom, ntim, khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab khoom siv hauv tsheb xws li roj teeb. Lwm yam kev qhia ntawm tshuab moulding thiab txhaj-ncab tshuab moulding kuj tseem siv, uas koom nrog ob qhov extrusion thiab molding.

Cov neeg siv ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv kawg rau polypropylene feem ntau muaj peev xwm ua tau vim tias muaj peev xwm los txiav cov qib qib nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb molecular thiab cov khoom sib ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm nws cov khoom lag luam. Piv txwv, tshuaj tiv thaiv antistatic tuaj yeem raug ntxiv los pab polypropylene nto tiv thaiv hmoov av thiab av. Ntau cov kev tawm dag zog lub cev kuj tseem siv tau rau ntawm polypropylene, xws li siv tshuab ua. Cov kev kho mob saum npoo av tuaj yeem thov rau polypropylene qhov chaw txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawb kev nplaum ntawm luam ntawv kua xim thiab xim pleev xim.

Biaxially qhia kev polypropylene (BOPP)

Thaum polypropylene zaj duab xis yog extruded thiab ncab hauv ob lub tshuab kev coj ua thiab hla lub tshuab kev taw qhia nws yog hu ua biaxially qhia kev polypropyleneCov. Kev taw qhia biaxial nce lub zog thiab pom tseeb. BOPP yog dav siv los ua cov khoom ntim rau cov khoom ntim xws li cov khoom noj txom ncauj, cov zaub tshiab thiab cov khoom tsis sib xws. Nws yog qhov yooj yim rau lub tsho loj, luam tawm thiab laminate los muab cov tseev kom muaj cov duab thiab cov khoom kom siv tau ua cov khoom ntim khoom. Cov txheej txheem no ib txwm hu ua hloov ua lwm yam. Nws yog ib txwm tsim tawm hauv cov yob loj uas yog hlais ntawm slitting tshuab rau hauv cov yob me me rau kev siv ntawm lub tshuab ntim.

Tiam sis txoj kev loj hlob

Nrog rau kev nce qib hauv qib uas yuav tsum tau ua rau polypropylene zoo nyob rau xyoo tas los no, ntau lub tswv yim thiab kev sib kis tau ua ke rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm rau polypropylene.

Muaj kwv yees ob qho lus qhia rau cov hau kev tshwj xeeb. Ib qho yog kev txhim kho ntawm cov teeb meem sib txawv ntawm cov polymer hais tsim tawm siv cov hom ncig ncig cov cua reactor, thiab lwm qhov yog kev txhim kho hauv kev tsis sib thooj ntawm cov nplaim polymer uas tsim los ntawm kev siv cov reactor nrog nqaim tuav lub sijhawm faib.

daim ntawv sau npe

Raws li polypropylene tiv taus kev qaug zog, feem ntau cov hnab yas nyob sab hauv tsev, xws li cov nyob rau ntawm lub raj mis sab saum toj, yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov saw hlau lwg me me muaj kev taw qhia hla txoj hlua khawm kom muaj lub zog loj.

Cov nplooj ntawv nyias nyias (~ 2µ20 µm) ntawm polypropylene siv los ua dielectric li ntawm qee qhov kev ua haujlwm siab thiab qis qis RF capacitors.

Polypropylene siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov raj xa dej; ob leeg txhawj xeeb nrog cov siab-purity thiab cov qauv tsim kom muaj zog thiab ua kom nruj (piv txwv li cov neeg tsim los siv hauv cov kav dej hauv av, hydronic cua sov thiab cua txias, thiab cov dej rov ua dua). Cov khoom siv no feem ntau xaiv rau nws qhov kev tawm tsam rau xeb thiab tshuaj lom neeg, nws txoj kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv ntau yam kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub cev, suav nrog kev cuam tshuam thiab khov, nws cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig, thiab nws lub peev xwm tau txais kev koom ua ke los ntawm tshav kub tsis zoo dua li gluing.

Ntau cov khoom yas siv rau kev kho mob lossis kuaj ntshav tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm polypropylene vim tias nws tuaj yeem tiv taus cov cua sov hauv ib daim autoclave. Nws cov cua sov tiv thaiv kuj tseem siv tau nws siv los ua cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov neeg siv khoom-qib ketles. Cov thawv ntim khoom noj ua los ntawm nws yuav tsis yaj hauv lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav, thiab tsis yaj thaum lub sijhawm ua cov txheej txheem kub kub. Vim li no, feem ntau cov yas yas rau cov khoom siv mis nyuj yog polypropylene ntim nrog txhuas ntawv ci (ob qho khoom siv tiv thaiv cua sov). Tom qab cov khoom lag luam txias lawm, cov tubs feem ntau tau muab lub hau uas ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tshua zoo thaum tshav kub, xws li LDPE lossis polystyrene. Cov ntim no muab cov khoom siv tes zoo ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv cov qauv, txij li cov roj hmab (softer, yoog dua) zoo siab ntawm LDPE nrog kev hwm rau polypropylene ntawm tib tuab yog pom meej meej. Rugged, translucent, rov siv tau cov yas ntim tau ua ntau yam ntawm cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg rau cov neeg tau txais kev pab los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab xws li Rubbermaid thiab Sterilite feem ntau ua los ntawm polypropylene, txawm hais tias lub hau feem ntau ua los ntawm qee qhov yooj yim dua LDPE yog li lawv tuaj yeem nyas rau thawv kom kaw nws. Polypropylene kuj tuaj yeem tsim tau rau hauv cov fwj pov tseg kom muaj kua, hmoov, lossis cov khoom lag luam zoo sib xws, txawm tias HDPE thiab polyethylene terephthalate feem ntau kuj siv los ua cov hwj. Cov ntaub ntawv yas, tsheb roj teeb, cov khib nyiab, chaw muag tshuaj muaj fwj, cov thawv txias dua, cov tais diav thiab cov tshob rau feem ntau yog ua los ntawm polypropylene lossis HDPE, ob qho tib si feem ntau muaj qhov zoo sib xws, zoo li, thiab cov khoom nyob ntawm huab cua sov.

Ib daim ntawv thov raug rau polypropylene yog li biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP). Cov ntawv BOPP no tau siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv ntau yam nrog rau cov hnab kom pom tseeb. Thaum polypropylene yog biaxially qhia, nws ua cov siv lead ua ntshiab thiab ua haujlwm ua cov ntim khoom zoo rau kev kos duab thiab cov khoom lag luam muag khoom.

Polypropylene, muaj xim zoo nkauj, yog dav siv hauv kev tsim cov ntaub pua plag, siv ntaub pua tsev thiab mats siv hauv tsev.

Polypropylene yog siv dav hauv hlua, muaj qhov txawv txav vim tias lawv muaj lub teeb txaus rau ntab hauv dej. Rau cov sib npaug loj thiab kev tsim kho, polypropylene hlua zoo ib yam nyob hauv lub zog rau polyester hlua. Polypropylene nqi tsawg dua li lwm cov khoom siv hluavtaws.

Polypropylene tseem tseem siv los ua lwm txoj hauv kev hloov kho polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ua cov rwb thaiv tsev rau cov xaim hluav taws xob rau LSZH cable hauv qhov chaw qis qis, ua kom muaj qhov zoo. Qhov no vim tias nws emits haus luam yeeb tsawg thiab tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom halogens, uas tej zaum yuav ua rau tsim cov kua qaub hauv cov huab cua sov.

Polypropylene tseem siv tshwj xeeb vov cov vov tsev raws li cov kua dej saum toj txheej ntawm ib leeg-ply systems raws li txwv tsis pub hloov kho-kho cov tshuab.

Polypropylene feem ntau siv rau cov yas mouldings, nyob rau nws tau txhaj rau hauv kev txhaj tshuaj pwm thaum molten, tsim cov qauv duab ntawm tus nqi pheej yig thiab siab ntim; piv txwv suav nrog lub raj mis saum, lub raj mis, thiab fittings.

Nws tseem tuaj yeem tsim tawm hauv cov ntawv, dav siv rau kev tsim cov ntawv ntim khoom, ntim khoom thiab ntim thawv. Cov xim xim dav, ruaj khov, tsis tshua muaj nqi, thiab tiv taus cov av ua rau nws zoo tagnrho raws li kev tiv thaiv npog rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Nws yog siv rau hauv Rubik lub voos kheej kheej vim hais tias ntawm cov yam ntxwv.

Qhov txaus ntawm cov ntawv polypropylene tau muab sijhawm rau kev siv cov khoom siv los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv. Lub teeb-hnyav, ruaj, thiab cov yeeb yuj yas ua rau muaj qhov nruab nrab zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov duab ntxoo, thiab tus lej tsim tau siv cov ntu sib tshuam los tsim cov qauv tsim tau zoo.

Polypropylene nplooj ntawv yog qhov kev xaiv nrov rau kev ua lag luam daim npav cov neeg sau nyiaj; cov no tuaj nrog hnab ris (cuaj rau daim npav-raws li cov qauv) rau cov npav yuav tau muab tso thiab tau siv los tiv thaiv lawv tus mob thiab yog txhais tau tias yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv phau ntawv khaws.

Txhab polypropylene (EPP) yog cov qauv ua npuas ntawm polypropylene. EPP muaj cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam zoo heev vim nws qhov txhav tsawg; qhov no tso cai EPP kom rov ua nws cov duab tom qab cuam tshuam. EPP yog dav siv hauv qauv dav hlau thiab lwm lub xov tooj cua tswj hwm los ntawm cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim nws lub peev xwm los nqus cov kev cuam tshuam, ua qhov no cov khoom zoo rau RC aircraft rau cov pib ua haujlwm thiab cov amateurs.

Polypropylene siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuab nrov nrov tsav. Nws siv tau pib los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm BBC thiab txoj cai patent tom qab yuav los ntawm Lub Hom Phiaj Electronics siv rau hauv lawv Lub Hom Phiaj Kev ywj pheej Loudspeaker thiab Lub Hom Phiaj 737 Renaissance nrov nrov.

Polypropylene fiber yog siv los ua cov pob zeb ua kev ntxiv rau kev ua kom lub zog thiab txo qis thiab ua kom tawg. Hauv thaj chaw muaj kev cuam tshuam txog av qeeg, piv txwv li, California, PP fibers ntxiv nrog cov av yuav txhim kho av thiab lub zog ya raws thaum tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv vaj tse xws li cov tsev, txuas hniav, thiab lwm yam.

Polypropylene siv rau hauv polypropylene nruas.

Ris tsho

Polypropylene yog cov polymer loj siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv tsis, nrog ntau dua 50% siv rau cov ntaub qhwv lossis cov khoom siv tsis huv uas qhov nws raug kho kom nqus dej (hydrophilic) es tsis yog siv tshuaj tua dej (hydrophobic). Lwm qhov kev siv tsis tsim nyog muaj xws li lim rau huab cua, roj, thiab kua uas cov fibers tuaj yeem tsim rau hauv cov ntawv lossis webs uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsim daim ntawv los yog cov txheej txheem uas lim hauv ntau cov kev ua tau zoo hauv 0.5 txog 30 micrometre ntau. Cov ntawv thov zoo li no tshwm sim hauv cov tsev xws li lim dej lossis hauv cov tshuab cua txias. Lub siab-thaj chaw thiab thaj chaw zoo nkauj oleophilic polypropylene nonwovens yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nqus cov roj nchuav nrog cov nplaim teeb meem zoo nyob ze cov roj nchuav rau ntawm cov dej ntws.

Polypropylene, lossis 'polypro', tau siv rau kev sib tov ntawm huab cua txias puag txheej, xws li lub tsho ntev lossis ris tsho hauv qab ntev. Polypropylene kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov khaub ncaws hnav sov, hauv qhov nws thauj cov hws kom deb ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tsis ntev los no, polyester tau hloov polypropylene nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov no hauv Asmeskas tub rog, xws li hauv ECWCSCov. Txawm hais tias cov khaub ncaws polypropylene tsis yooj yim tawg, lawv tuaj yeem yaj, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev kub nyhiab loj heev yog tias tus neeg hnav ntawd koom nrog kev tawg lossis hluav taws txhua yam. Polypropylene undergarments paub txog ua kom lub cev tsw phem uas tom qab ntawd nyuaj tshem. Cov kev tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no ntawm polyester tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo no.

Qee tus neeg tsim qauv siv tau yoog polypropylene los tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab lwm yam khoom hnav.

Kev kho mob

Nws txoj kev siv tshuaj kho mob feem ntau nyob hauv cov khoom cua, nonabsorbable suture Prolene.

Polypropylene tau siv rau hauv hernia thiab pelvic organ prolapse kho kev ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm hernias tshiab nyob hauv tib qho chaw. Ib thaj me me ntawm cov khoom tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, hauv qab daim tawv nqaij, thiab tsis mob thiab tsis tshua muaj, yog tias puas tau, lub cev tsis lees txais. Txawm li cas los xij, polypropylene mesh yuav yaig cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib puag ncig nws dhau lub sijhawm tsis paub tseeb los ntawm hnub rau xyoo. Yog li, FDA tau tawm ntau cov lus ceeb toom txog kev siv cov tshuaj polypropylene mesh cov khoom siv kho mob rau qee yam kev siv hauv plab hnyuv plab hnyuv ntxwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum qhia nyob ze rau ntawm phab ntsa paum vim qhov txuas ntxiv nce ntawm cov ntxaij-ua kom cov nqaij mos uas tau tshaj tawm los ntawm cov neeg mob tsawg xyoo dhau los. Feem ntau tsis ntev los no, thaum lub Ib Hlis 3, 2012, FDA tau hais kom 35 lub tuam txhab cov khoom mesh kawm txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej no.

Thaum pib suav tias yog inert, polypropylene tau pom tias ua rau ploj zuj zus thaum nyob hauv lub cev. Cov khoom uas tsis zoo ua rau cov tawv ntoo plooj plooj hauv cov kab mesh thiab nws nquag tawg.

EPP tus qauv dav hlau

Txij li xyoo 2001, nthuav dav polypropylene (EPP) foams tau tau txais nyob rau hauv cov chaw thiab hauv daim ntawv thov ua cov qauv txheej txheem hauv hobbyist xov tooj cua tswj qauv dav hlau. Tsis zoo li nthuav tawm polystyrene ua npuas ncauj (EPS) uas yog friable thiab tawg yooj yim ntawm kev cuam tshuam, EPP ua npuas ncauj muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov kev ua tau zoo heev tsis muaj kev tawg, khaws nws cov qauv qub, thiab ua kom pom cov qauv cim xeeb uas tso cai rau nws rov qab mus rau nws cov qub hauv ib luv luv ntawm lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, lub xov tooj cua-tswj tus qauv uas nws tis thiab fuselage yog tsim los ntawm EPP npaus yog qhov nyuaj heev, thiab muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov kev cuam tshuam uas yuav ua tiav kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsoos, xws li balsa lossis txawm tias EPS foams. EPP cov qauv, thaum them nrog pheej yig fiberglass impregnated self-adhesive tapes, feem ntau ua rau pom ntau zog ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab zog, ua ke nrog lub teeb ci thiab nto tiav uas qhov sib tw ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov hom aforementioned. EPP tseem yog tshuaj lom neeg heev inert, tso cai rau kev siv ntawm qhov ntau ntawm cov nplaum txawv. EPP tuaj yeem ua cov pwm ua kom sov, thiab cov chaw tuaj yeem ua tiav yooj yim nrog kev siv cov cuab yeej txiav thiab daim ntawv tsis zoo. Tus thawj saib cheeb tsam ntawm cov qauv txiav txim siab hauv uas EPP tau pom zoo txaus lees yog cov haujlwm ntawm:

• Cua-tsav txoj kab nqes hav
• Nyob sab hauv tsev muaj hluav taws xob muaj qauv siv fais fab qauv
• Tes npaj gliders rau cov menyuam yaus

Hauv thaj teb ntawm txoj kab nqes nce, EPP tau pom zoo tshaj plaws thiab siv, vim nws tau tso cai rau kev tsim cov xov tooj cua-tswj tus qauv gliders ntawm lub zog loj thiab maneuverability. Vim li ntawd, kev qhuab qhia ntawm kev nqes hav ntaus rog (cov txheej txheem nquag ntawm cov phooj ywg cov neeg sib tw sim los sib tsoo lub dav hlau ib leeg tawm ntawm huab cua los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha) thiab kev sib tw pylon kev sib tw tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha ntawm lub zog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom EPP.

Kev tsim kho vaj tse

Thaum lub tsev tshiab ntawm Tenerife, La Laguna Cathedral, raug kho thaum xyoo 2002–2014, nws tau muab tawm tias cov chav tsev thiab chav dome muaj qhov tsis zoo. Yog li no, cov chaw ntawm lub tsev tau rhuav tshem, thiab hloov los ntawm kev tsim kho hauv polypropylene. Qhov no tau qhia yog thawj zaug cov khoom siv no tau siv rau hauv cov nplai no hauv cov tsev.

Recycling

Polypropylene siv tau dua tshiab thiab muaj tus lej "5" raws li nws cob qhia cov lej cim.

Kev kho

Ntau cov khoom siv tau nrog polypropylene meej vim tias nws yog resilient thiab tiv taus rau feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj thiab nplaum. Ntxiv thiab, muaj ntau qhov muag tsawg dua tshwj xeeb rau gluing PP. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv PP khoom tsis raug rau qhov hloov tsis tau ua ke yuav txaus siab koom nrog ob ntu epoxy kua nplaum lossis siv cov phom kub-kua nplaum. Kev npaj tseem ceeb thiab nws yog feem ntau pab tau kom roughen saum npoo nrog cov ntawv, emery daim ntawv lossis lwm yam khoom siv los ua kom zoo dua qub rau cov kua nplaum. Tsis tas li ntawd nws raug nquahu kom ntxuav nrog pob zeb hauv av los yog cov cawv zoo sib xws ua ntej gluing kom tshem tawm cov roj lossis lwm cov paug. Qee qhov kev sim yuav xav tau. Tseem muaj qee qhov kev lag luam ci muag rau PP, tab sis cov no tuaj yeem nrhiav tsis yooj yim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov khw muag khoom.

PP tuaj yeem yaj tau siv cov txheej txheem siv hlau nrawm. Nrog cov vuam nrawm, lub tshuab raj yas, zoo ib yam li hlau txuas hauv qhov tsos thiab wattage, haum nrog lub raj pub rau cov yas weld pas nrig. Qhov nrawm ceev heats tus pas nrig thiab lub substrate, thaum tib lub sijhawm nws nias lub molten weld pas nrig rau hauv txoj haujlwm. Ib txoj hlaws ntawm cov yas muag khoom yog nteg rau hauv qhov sib koom tes, thiab cov ntu thiab weld pas nrig fuse. Nrog polypropylene, lub hau hluav taws xob melted yuav tsum yog "sib xyaw" nrog cov khoom siv roj ib nrab uas tau tsim los yog kho. Lub hau ceev "rab phom" yog qhov tseem ceeb yog lub hlau kub nrog lub dav, lub tiaj tiaj tiaj uas tuaj yeem siv los sib txuas ntawm qhov txuas ntawm cov hlau sib txuas thiab cov muab tub lim los ua kom muaj qhov sib khi.

Kev mob nkeeg

Pawg Ua Haujlwm Pab Pawg Ib Pwm Pawg tau teeb tsa PP txij li muaj teeb meem tsawg mus rau qhov txaus ntshai. PP yog dope-dyed, tsis muaj dej yog siv hauv nws cov dyeing, hauv kev sib piv nrog paj rwb.

Xyoo 2008, cov kws tshawb nrhiav hauv tebchaws Canada tau lees tias quaternary ammonium biocides thiab oleamide tau xau tawm ntawm qee cov polypropylene labware, cuam tshuam rau kev sim. Raws li polypropylene siv nyob rau hauv ntau cov zaub mov ntim xws li cov rau cov kua mis nyeem qaub, Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Canada tshaj tawm xov xwm Paul Duchesne tau hais tias lub tuam tsev yuav tshuaj xyuas cov kev tshawb pom kom txiav txim siab seb puas yuav ua cov kauj ruam los tiv thaiv cov neeg siv khoom.